Modules

Kohana_Database_PDO
extends Database
extends Kohana_Database

This class is a transparent base class for Database_PDO and should not be accessed directly.

PDO database connection.

package: Kohana/Database
category: Drivers
author: Kohana Team
copyright: © 2008-2009 Kohana Team
license: http://kohanaphp.com/license

Class declared in MODPATH/database/classes/Kohana/Database/PDO.php on line 11.

Properties

$default
$instances
$last_query
$_config
$_connection
$_identifier
$_instance

Constants

SELECT

integer 1

INSERT

integer 2

UPDATE

integer 3

DELETE

integer 4

Properties

public static string $default

default instance name

string(7) "default"

public static array $instances

Database instances

array(0)

public string $last_query

the last query executed

Default value:

NULL

protected $_config

Default value:

NULL

protected $_connection

Default value:

NULL

protected $_identifier

Default value:

string(0) ""

protected $_instance

Default value:

NULL

Methods

public __construct( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Stores the database configuration locally and name the instance.

This method cannot be accessed directly, you must use Database::instance.

Return Values

void

Source Code

public function __construct($name, array $config)
{
	parent::__construct($name, $config);

	if (isset($this->_config['identifier']))
	{
		// Allow the identifier to be overloaded per-connection
		$this->_identifier = (string) $this->_config['identifier'];
	}
}

public begin( [ string $mode = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Start a SQL transaction

// Start the transactions
$db->begin();

try {
     DB::insert('users')->values($user1)...
     DB::insert('users')->values($user2)...
     // Insert successful commit the changes
     $db->commit();
}
catch (Database_Exception $e)
{
     // Insert failed. Rolling back changes...
     $db->rollback();
 }

Parameters

string $mode = NULL - Transaction mode

Return Values

boolean

Source Code

public function begin($mode = NULL)
{
	// Make sure the database is connected
	$this->_connection or $this->connect();

	return $this->_connection->beginTransaction();
}

public commit( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Commit the current transaction

// Commit the database changes
$db->commit();

Return Values

boolean

Source Code

public function commit()
{
	// Make sure the database is connected
	$this->_connection or $this->connect();

	return $this->_connection->commit();
}

public connect( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Connect to the database. This is called automatically when the first query is executed.

$db->connect();

Return Values

void

Source Code

public function connect()
{
	if ($this->_connection)
		return;

	// Extract the connection parameters, adding required variabels
	extract($this->_config['connection'] + array(
		'dsn'        => '',
		'username'   => NULL,
		'password'   => NULL,
		'persistent' => FALSE,
	));

	// Clear the connection parameters for security
	unset($this->_config['connection']);

	// Force PDO to use exceptions for all errors
	$options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE] = PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION;

	if ( ! empty($persistent))
	{
		// Make the connection persistent
		$options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = TRUE;
	}

	try
	{
		// Create a new PDO connection
		$this->_connection = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password, $options);
	}
	catch (PDOException $e)
	{
		throw new Database_Exception(':error',
			array(':error' => $e->getMessage()),
			$e->getCode());
	}

	if ( ! empty($this->_config['charset']))
	{
		// Set the character set
		$this->set_charset($this->_config['charset']);
	}
}

public create_aggregate( string $name , callback $step , callback $final [, integer $arguments = integer -1 ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Create or redefine a SQL aggregate function.

Works only with SQLite

Parameters

string $name required - Name of the SQL function to be created or redefined
callback $step required - Called for each row of a result set
callback $final required - Called after all rows of a result set have been processed
integer $arguments = integer -1 - Number of arguments that the SQL function takes

Return Values

boolean

Source Code

public function create_aggregate($name, $step, $final, $arguments = -1)
{
	$this->_connection or $this->connect();

	return $this->_connection->sqliteCreateAggregate(
		$name, $step, $final, $arguments
	);
}

public create_function( string $name , callback $callback [, integer $arguments = integer -1 ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Create or redefine a SQL function.

Works only with SQLite

Parameters

string $name required - Name of the SQL function to be created or redefined
callback $callback required - Callback which implements the SQL function
integer $arguments = integer -1 - Number of arguments that the SQL function takes

Return Values

boolean

Source Code

public function create_function($name, $callback, $arguments = -1)
{
	$this->_connection or $this->connect();

	return $this->_connection->sqliteCreateFunction(
		$name, $callback, $arguments
	);
}

public disconnect( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Disconnect from the database. This is called automatically by Database::__destruct. Clears the database instance from Database::$instances.

$db->disconnect();

Return Values

boolean

Source Code

public function disconnect()
{
	// Destroy the PDO object
	$this->_connection = NULL;

	return parent::disconnect();
}

public escape( string $value ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Sanitize a string by escaping characters that could cause an SQL injection attack.

$value = $db->escape('any string');

Parameters

string $value required - Value to quote

Return Values

string

Source Code

public function escape($value)
{
	// Make sure the database is connected
	$this->_connection or $this->connect();

	return $this->_connection->quote($value);
}

public list_columns( string $table [, string $like = NULL , boolean $add_prefix = bool TRUE ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Lists all of the columns in a table. Optionally, a LIKE string can be used to search for specific fields.

// Get all columns from the "users" table
$columns = $db->list_columns('users');

// Get all name-related columns
$columns = $db->list_columns('users', '%name%');

// Get the columns from a table that doesn't use the table prefix
$columns = $db->list_columns('users', NULL, FALSE);

Parameters

string $table required - Table to get columns from
string $like = NULL - Column to search for
boolean $add_prefix = bool TRUE - Whether to add the table prefix automatically or not

Return Values

array

Source Code

public function list_columns($table, $like = NULL, $add_prefix = TRUE)
{
	throw new Kohana_Exception('Database method :method is not supported by :class',
		array(':method' => __FUNCTION__, ':class' => __CLASS__));
}

public list_tables( [ string $like = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

List all of the tables in the database. Optionally, a LIKE string can be used to search for specific tables.

// Get all tables in the current database
$tables = $db->list_tables();

// Get all user-related tables
$tables = $db->list_tables('user%');

Parameters

string $like = NULL - Table to search for

Return Values

array

Source Code

public function list_tables($like = NULL)
{
	throw new Kohana_Exception('Database method :method is not supported by :class',
		array(':method' => __FUNCTION__, ':class' => __CLASS__));
}

public query( integer $type , string $sql [, mixed $as_object = bool FALSE , array $params = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Perform an SQL query of the given type.

// Make a SELECT query and use objects for results
$db->query(Database::SELECT, 'SELECT * FROM groups', TRUE);

// Make a SELECT query and use "Model_User" for the results
$db->query(Database::SELECT, 'SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1', 'Model_User');

Parameters

integer $type required - Database::SELECT, Database::INSERT, etc
string $sql required - SQL query
mixed $as_object = bool FALSE - Result object class string, TRUE for stdClass, FALSE for assoc array
array $params = NULL - Object construct parameters for result class

Return Values

object - Database_Result for SELECT queries
array - List (insert id, row count) for INSERT queries
integer - Number of affected rows for all other queries

Source Code

public function query($type, $sql, $as_object = FALSE, array $params = NULL)
{
	// Make sure the database is connected
	$this->_connection or $this->connect();

	if (Kohana::$profiling)
	{
		// Benchmark this query for the current instance
		$benchmark = Profiler::start("Database ({$this->_instance})", $sql);
	}

	try
	{
		$result = $this->_connection->query($sql);
	}
	catch (Exception $e)
	{
		if (isset($benchmark))
		{
			// This benchmark is worthless
			Profiler::delete($benchmark);
		}

		// Convert the exception in a database exception
		throw new Database_Exception(':error [ :query ]',
			array(
				':error' => $e->getMessage(),
				':query' => $sql
			),
			$e->getCode());
	}

	if (isset($benchmark))
	{
		Profiler::stop($benchmark);
	}

	// Set the last query
	$this->last_query = $sql;

	if ($type === Database::SELECT)
	{
		// Convert the result into an array, as PDOStatement::rowCount is not reliable
		if ($as_object === FALSE)
		{
			$result->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
		}
		elseif (is_string($as_object))
		{
			$result->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, $as_object, $params);
		}
		else
		{
			$result->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, 'stdClass');
		}

		$result = $result->fetchAll();

		// Return an iterator of results
		return new Database_Result_Cached($result, $sql, $as_object, $params);
	}
	elseif ($type === Database::INSERT)
	{
		// Return a list of insert id and rows created
		return array(
			$this->_connection->lastInsertId(),
			$result->rowCount(),
		);
	}
	else
	{
		// Return the number of rows affected
		return $result->rowCount();
	}
}

public rollback( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Abort the current transaction

// Undo the changes
$db->rollback();

Return Values

boolean

Source Code

public function rollback()
{
	// Make sure the database is connected
	$this->_connection or $this->connect();

	return $this->_connection->rollBack();
}

public set_charset( string $charset ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Set the connection character set. This is called automatically by Database::connect.

$db->set_charset('utf8');

Parameters

string $charset required - Character set name

Return Values

void

Source Code

public function set_charset($charset)
{
	// Make sure the database is connected
	$this->_connection OR $this->connect();

	// This SQL-92 syntax is not supported by all drivers
	$this->_connection->exec('SET NAMES '.$this->quote($charset));
}

public __destruct( ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Disconnect from the database when the object is destroyed.

// Destroy the database instance
unset(Database::instances[(string) $db], $db);

Calling unset($db) is not enough to destroy the database, as it will still be stored in Database::$instances.

Return Values

void

Source Code

public function __destruct()
{
	$this->disconnect();
}

public __toString( ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Returns the database instance name.

echo (string) $db;

Return Values

string

Source Code

public function __toString()
{
	return $this->_instance;
}

public count_records( mixed $table ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Count the number of records in a table.

// Get the total number of records in the "users" table
$count = $db->count_records('users');

Parameters

mixed $table required - Table name string or array(query, alias)

Return Values

integer

Source Code

public function count_records($table)
{
	// Quote the table name
	$table = $this->quote_table($table);

	return $this->query(Database::SELECT, 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS total_row_count FROM '.$table, FALSE)
		->get('total_row_count');
}

public datatype( string $type ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Returns a normalized array describing the SQL data type

$db->datatype('char');

Parameters

string $type required - SQL data type

Return Values

array

Source Code

public function datatype($type)
{
	static $types = array
	(
		// SQL-92
		'bit'                           => array('type' => 'string', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'bit varying'                   => array('type' => 'string'),
		'char'                          => array('type' => 'string', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'char varying'                  => array('type' => 'string'),
		'character'                     => array('type' => 'string', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'character varying'             => array('type' => 'string'),
		'date'                          => array('type' => 'string'),
		'dec'                           => array('type' => 'float', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'decimal'                       => array('type' => 'float', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'double precision'              => array('type' => 'float'),
		'float'                         => array('type' => 'float'),
		'int'                           => array('type' => 'int', 'min' => '-2147483648', 'max' => '2147483647'),
		'integer'                       => array('type' => 'int', 'min' => '-2147483648', 'max' => '2147483647'),
		'interval'                      => array('type' => 'string'),
		'national char'                 => array('type' => 'string', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'national char varying'         => array('type' => 'string'),
		'national character'            => array('type' => 'string', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'national character varying'    => array('type' => 'string'),
		'nchar'                         => array('type' => 'string', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'nchar varying'                 => array('type' => 'string'),
		'numeric'                       => array('type' => 'float', 'exact' => TRUE),
		'real'                          => array('type' => 'float'),
		'smallint'                      => array('type' => 'int', 'min' => '-32768', 'max' => '32767'),
		'time'                          => array('type' => 'string'),
		'time with time zone'           => array('type' => 'string'),
		'timestamp'                     => array('type' => 'string'),
		'timestamp with time zone'      => array('type' => 'string'),
		'varchar'                       => array('type' => 'string'),

		// SQL:1999
		'binary large object'               => array('type' => 'string', 'binary' => TRUE),
		'blob'                              => array('type' => 'string', 'binary' => TRUE),
		'boolean'                           => array('type' => 'bool'),
		'char large object'                 => array('type' => 'string'),
		'character large object'            => array('type' => 'string'),
		'clob'                              => array('type' => 'string'),
		'national character large object'   => array('type' => 'string'),
		'nchar large object'                => array('type' => 'string'),
		'nclob'                             => array('type' => 'string'),
		'time without time zone'            => array('type' => 'string'),
		'timestamp without time zone'       => array('type' => 'string'),

		// SQL:2003
		'bigint'    => array('type' => 'int', 'min' => '-9223372036854775808', 'max' => '9223372036854775807'),

		// SQL:2008
		'binary'            => array('type' => 'string', 'binary' => TRUE, 'exact' => TRUE),
		'binary varying'    => array('type' => 'string', 'binary' => TRUE),
		'varbinary'         => array('type' => 'string', 'binary' => TRUE),
	);

	if (isset($types[$type]))
		return $types[$type];

	return array();
}

public static instance( [ string $name = NULL , array $config = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Get a singleton Database instance. If configuration is not specified, it will be loaded from the database configuration file using the same group as the name.

// Load the default database
$db = Database::instance();

// Create a custom configured instance
$db = Database::instance('custom', $config);

Parameters

string $name = NULL - Instance name
array $config = NULL - Configuration parameters

Return Values

Database

Source Code

public static function instance($name = NULL, array $config = NULL)
{
	if ($name === NULL)
	{
		// Use the default instance name
		$name = Database::$default;
	}

	if ( ! isset(Database::$instances[$name]))
	{
		if ($config === NULL)
		{
			// Load the configuration for this database
			$config = Kohana::$config->load('database')->$name;
		}

		if ( ! isset($config['type']))
		{
			throw new Kohana_Exception('Database type not defined in :name configuration',
				array(':name' => $name));
		}

		// Set the driver class name
		$driver = 'Database_'.ucfirst($config['type']);

		// Create the database connection instance
		$driver = new $driver($name, $config);

		// Store the database instance
		Database::$instances[$name] = $driver;
	}

	return Database::$instances[$name];
}

public quote( mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Quote a value for an SQL query.

$db->quote(NULL);   // 'NULL'
$db->quote(10);     // 10
$db->quote('fred'); // 'fred'

Objects passed to this function will be converted to strings. Database_Expression objects will be compiled. Database_Query objects will be compiled and converted to a sub-query. All other objects will be converted using the __toString method.

Parameters

mixed $value required - Any value to quote

Return Values

string

Source Code

public function quote($value)
{
	if ($value === NULL)
	{
		return 'NULL';
	}
	elseif ($value === TRUE)
	{
		return "'1'";
	}
	elseif ($value === FALSE)
	{
		return "'0'";
	}
	elseif (is_object($value))
	{
		if ($value instanceof Database_Query)
		{
			// Create a sub-query
			return '('.$value->compile($this).')';
		}
		elseif ($value instanceof Database_Expression)
		{
			// Compile the expression
			return $value->compile($this);
		}
		else
		{
			// Convert the object to a string
			return $this->quote( (string) $value);
		}
	}
	elseif (is_array($value))
	{
		return '('.implode(', ', array_map(array($this, __FUNCTION__), $value)).')';
	}
	elseif (is_int($value))
	{
		return (int) $value;
	}
	elseif (is_float($value))
	{
		// Convert to non-locale aware float to prevent possible commas
		return sprintf('%F', $value);
	}

	return $this->escape($value);
}

public quote_column( mixed $column ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Quote a database column name and add the table prefix if needed.

$column = $db->quote_column($column);

You can also use SQL methods within identifiers.

$column = $db->quote_column(DB::expr('COUNT(`column`)'));

Parameters

mixed $column required - Column name or array(column, alias)

Return Values

string

Source Code

public function quote_column($column)
{
	// Identifiers are escaped by repeating them
	$escaped_identifier = $this->_identifier.$this->_identifier;

	if (is_array($column))
	{
		list($column, $alias) = $column;
		$alias = str_replace($this->_identifier, $escaped_identifier, $alias);
	}

	if ($column instanceof Database_Query)
	{
		// Create a sub-query
		$column = '('.$column->compile($this).')';
	}
	elseif ($column instanceof Database_Expression)
	{
		// Compile the expression
		$column = $column->compile($this);
	}
	else
	{
		// Convert to a string
		$column = (string) $column;

		$column = str_replace($this->_identifier, $escaped_identifier, $column);

		if ($column === '*')
		{
			return $column;
		}
		elseif (strpos($column, '.') !== FALSE)
		{
			$parts = explode('.', $column);

			if ($prefix = $this->table_prefix())
			{
				// Get the offset of the table name, 2nd-to-last part
				$offset = count($parts) - 2;

				// Add the table prefix to the table name
				$parts[$offset] = $prefix.$parts[$offset];
			}

			foreach ($parts as & $part)
			{
				if ($part !== '*')
				{
					// Quote each of the parts
					$part = $this->_identifier.$part.$this->_identifier;
				}
			}

			$column = implode('.', $parts);
		}
		else
		{
			$column = $this->_identifier.$column.$this->_identifier;
		}
	}

	if (isset($alias))
	{
		$column .= ' AS '.$this->_identifier.$alias.$this->_identifier;
	}

	return $column;
}

public quote_identifier( mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Quote a database identifier

Parameters

mixed $value required - Any identifier

Return Values

string

Source Code

public function quote_identifier($value)
{
	// Identifiers are escaped by repeating them
	$escaped_identifier = $this->_identifier.$this->_identifier;

	if (is_array($value))
	{
		list($value, $alias) = $value;
		$alias = str_replace($this->_identifier, $escaped_identifier, $alias);
	}

	if ($value instanceof Database_Query)
	{
		// Create a sub-query
		$value = '('.$value->compile($this).')';
	}
	elseif ($value instanceof Database_Expression)
	{
		// Compile the expression
		$value = $value->compile($this);
	}
	else
	{
		// Convert to a string
		$value = (string) $value;

		$value = str_replace($this->_identifier, $escaped_identifier, $value);

		if (strpos($value, '.') !== FALSE)
		{
			$parts = explode('.', $value);

			foreach ($parts as & $part)
			{
				// Quote each of the parts
				$part = $this->_identifier.$part.$this->_identifier;
			}

			$value = implode('.', $parts);
		}
		else
		{
			$value = $this->_identifier.$value.$this->_identifier;
		}
	}

	if (isset($alias))
	{
		$value .= ' AS '.$this->_identifier.$alias.$this->_identifier;
	}

	return $value;
}

public quote_table( mixed $table ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Quote a database table name and adds the table prefix if needed.

$table = $db->quote_table($table);

Parameters

mixed $table required - Table name or array(table, alias)

Return Values

string

Source Code

public function quote_table($table)
{
	// Identifiers are escaped by repeating them
	$escaped_identifier = $this->_identifier.$this->_identifier;

	if (is_array($table))
	{
		list($table, $alias) = $table;
		$alias = str_replace($this->_identifier, $escaped_identifier, $alias);
	}

	if ($table instanceof Database_Query)
	{
		// Create a sub-query
		$table = '('.$table->compile($this).')';
	}
	elseif ($table instanceof Database_Expression)
	{
		// Compile the expression
		$table = $table->compile($this);
	}
	else
	{
		// Convert to a string
		$table = (string) $table;

		$table = str_replace($this->_identifier, $escaped_identifier, $table);

		if (strpos($table, '.') !== FALSE)
		{
			$parts = explode('.', $table);

			if ($prefix = $this->table_prefix())
			{
				// Get the offset of the table name, last part
				$offset = count($parts) - 1;

				// Add the table prefix to the table name
				$parts[$offset] = $prefix.$parts[$offset];
			}

			foreach ($parts as & $part)
			{
				// Quote each of the parts
				$part = $this->_identifier.$part.$this->_identifier;
			}

			$table = implode('.', $parts);
		}
		else
		{
			// Add the table prefix
			$table = $this->_identifier.$this->table_prefix().$table.$this->_identifier;
		}
	}

	if (isset($alias))
	{
		// Attach table prefix to alias
		$table .= ' AS '.$this->_identifier.$this->table_prefix().$alias.$this->_identifier;
	}

	return $table;
}

public table_prefix( ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Return the table prefix defined in the current configuration.

$prefix = $db->table_prefix();

Return Values

string

Source Code

public function table_prefix()
{
	return $this->_config['table_prefix'];
}

protected _parse_type( string $type ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

Extracts the text between parentheses, if any.

// Returns: array('CHAR', '6')
list($type, $length) = $db->_parse_type('CHAR(6)');

Parameters

string $type required - $type

Return Values

array - List containing the type and length, if any

Source Code

protected function _parse_type($type)
{
	if (($open = strpos($type, '(')) === FALSE)
	{
		// No length specified
		return array($type, NULL);
	}

	// Closing parenthesis
	$close = strrpos($type, ')', $open);

	// Length without parentheses
	$length = substr($type, $open + 1, $close - 1 - $open);

	// Type without the length
	$type = substr($type, 0, $open).substr($type, $close + 1);

	return array($type, $length);
}

Modules

Kohana_Database_PDO extends Database extends Kohana_Database

Constants

Properties

Methods

Constants

SELECT

INSERT

UPDATE

DELETE

Properties

public static string $default

public static array $instances

public string $last_query

protected $_config

protected $_connection

protected $_identifier

protected $_instance

Methods

public __construct( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Return Values

Source Code

public begin( [ string $mode = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Parameters

Return Values

Source Code

public commit( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Return Values

Source Code

public connect( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

Tags

Return Values

Source Code

public create_aggregate( string $name , callback $step , callback $final [, integer $arguments = integer -1 ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public create_function( string $name , callback $callback [, integer $arguments = integer -1 ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public disconnect( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public escape( string $value ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public list_columns( string $table [, string $like = NULL , boolean $add_prefix = bool TRUE ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public list_tables( [ string $like = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public query( integer $type , string $sql [, mixed $as_object = bool FALSE , array $params = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public rollback( ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public set_charset( string $charset ) (defined in Kohana_Database_PDO)

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public __destruct( ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

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public __toString( ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

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public count_records( mixed $table ) (defined in Kohana_Database)

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Kohana_Database_PDO
extends Database
extends Kohana_Database

public static `string` $default

public static `array` $instances

public `string` $last_query