public __construct( [ mixed $id = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $id = NULL - Parameter for find or object to load

public function __construct($id = null)
{
    $this->_initialize();

    if ($id !== null) {
        if (is_array($id)) {
            foreach ($id as $column => $value) {
                // Passing an array of column => values
                $this->where($column, '=', $value);
            }

            $this->find();
        } else {
            // Passing the primary key
            $this->where($this->_object_name . '.' . $this->_primary_key, '=', $id)->find();
        }
    } elseif (!empty($this->_cast_data)) {
        // Load preloaded data from a database call cast
        $this->_load_values($this->_cast_data);

        $this->_cast_data = [];
    }
}

public __get( string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Return Values

• mixed

public function __get($column)
{
    return $this->get($column);
}

public __isset( string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Return Values

• boolean

public function __isset($column)
{
    return (isset($this->_object[$column]) OR
        isset($this->_related[$column]) OR
        isset($this->_has_one[$column]) OR
        isset($this->_belongs_to[$column]) OR
        isset($this->_has_many[$column]));
}

public __set( string $column , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• void

public function __set($column, $value)
{
    $this->set($column, $value);
}

public __toString( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function __toString()
{
    return (string) $this->pk();
}

public __unset( string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Return Values

• void

public function __unset($column)
{
    unset($this->_object[$column], $this->_changed[$column], $this->_related[$column]);
}

public add( string $alias , mixed $far_keys ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Add the login role using a model instance
$model->add('roles', ORM::factory('role', ['name' => 'login']));
// Add the login role if you know the roles.id is 5
$model->add('roles', 5);
// Add multiple roles (for example, from checkboxes on a form)
$model->add('roles', [1, 2, 3, 4]);

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys required - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• ORM

public function add($alias, $far_keys)
{
    $far_keys = ($far_keys instanceof ORM) ? $far_keys->pk() : $far_keys;

    $columns = [$this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], $this->_has_many[$alias]['far_key']];
    $foreign_key = $this->pk();

    $query = DB::insert($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'], $columns);

    foreach ((array) $far_keys as $key) {
        $query->values([$foreign_key, $key]);
    }

    $query->execute($this->_db);

    return $this;
}

public and_having( mixed $column , string $op [, mixed $value = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value = NULL - Column value

Return Values

• $this

public function and_having($column, $op, $value = null)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'and_having',
        'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public and_having_close( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function and_having_close()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'and_having_close',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public and_having_open( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function and_having_open()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'and_having_open',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public and_where( mixed $column , string $op , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• $this

public function and_where($column, $op, $value)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'and_where',
        'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public and_where_close( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function and_where_close()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'and_where_close',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public and_where_open( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function and_where_open()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'and_where_open',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public as_array( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function as_array()
{
    $object = [];

    foreach ($this->_object as $column => $value) {
        // Call __get for any user processing
        $object[$column] = $this->__get($column);
    }

    foreach ($this->_related as $column => $model) {
        // Include any related objects that are already loaded
        $object[$column] = $model->as_array();
    }

    return $object;
}

public belongs_to( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function belongs_to()
{
    return $this->_belongs_to;
}

public cached( [ integer $lifetime = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $lifetime = NULL - Number of seconds to cache

Tags

• Uses - Kohana::$cache_life

Return Values

• $this

public function cached($lifetime = null)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'cached',
        'args' => [$lifetime],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public changed( [ string $field = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $field = NULL - Field to check for changes

Return Values

• bool - Whether or not the field has changed

public function changed($field = null)
{
    return ($field === null) ? $this->_changed : Arr::get($this->_changed, $field);
}

public check( [ Validation $extra_validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• Validation $extra_validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Throws - ORM_Validation_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function check(Validation $extra_validation = null)
{
    // Determine if any external validation failed
    $extra_errors = ($extra_validation AND ! $extra_validation->check());

    // Always build a new validation object
    $this->_validation();

    $array = $this->_validation;

    if (($this->_valid = $array->check()) === false OR $extra_errors) {
        $exception = new ORM_Validation_Exception($this->errors_filename(), $array);

        if ($extra_errors) {
            // Merge any possible errors from the external object
            $exception->add_object('_external', $extra_validation);
        }
        throw $exception;
    }

    return $this;
}

public clear( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function clear()
{
    // Create an array with all the columns set to null
    $values = array_combine(array_keys($this->_table_columns), array_fill(0, count($this->_table_columns), null));

    // Replace the object and reset the object status
    $this->_object = $this->_changed = $this->_related = $this->_original_values = [];

    // Replace the current object with an empty one
    $this->_load_values($values);

    // Reset primary key
    $this->_primary_key_value = null;

    // Reset the loaded state
    $this->_loaded = false;

    $this->reset();

    return $this;
}

public count_all( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• integer

public function count_all()
{
    $selects = [];

    foreach ($this->_db_pending as $key => $method) {
        if ($method['name'] == 'select') {
            // Ignore any selected columns for now
            $selects[$key] = $method;
            unset($this->_db_pending[$key]);
        }
    }

    if (!empty($this->_load_with)) {
        foreach ($this->_load_with as $alias) {
            // Bind relationship
            $this->with($alias);
        }
    }

    $this->_build(Database::SELECT);

    $records = $this->_db_builder->from([$this->_table_name, $this->_object_name])
        ->select([DB::expr('COUNT(' . $this->_db->quote_column($this->_object_name . '.' . $this->_primary_key) . ')'), 'records_found'])
        ->execute($this->_db)
        ->get('records_found');

    // Add back in selected columns
    $this->_db_pending += $selects;

    $this->reset();

    // Return the total number of records in a table
    return (int) $records;
}

public count_relations( string $alias [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Counts the number of times the login role is attached to $model
$model->count_relations('roles', ORM::factory('role', ['name' => 'login']));
// Counts the number of times role 5 is attached to $model
$model->count_relations('roles', 5);
// Counts the number of times any of roles 1, 2, 3, or 4 are attached to
// $model
$model->count_relations('roles', [1, 2, 3, 4]);
// Counts the number roles attached to $model
$model->count_relations('roles')

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• integer

public function count_relations($alias, $far_keys = null)
{
    if ($far_keys === null) {
        return (int) DB::select([DB::expr('COUNT(*)'), 'records_found'])
                ->from($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'])
                ->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], '=', $this->pk())
                ->execute($this->_db)->get('records_found');
    }

    $far_keys = ($far_keys instanceof ORM) ? $far_keys->pk() : $far_keys;

    // We need an array to simplify the logic
    $far_keys = (array) $far_keys;

    // Nothing to check if the model isn't loaded or we don't have any far_keys
    if (!$far_keys OR ! $this->_loaded)
        return 0;

    $count = (int) DB::select([DB::expr('COUNT(*)'), 'records_found'])
            ->from($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'])
            ->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], '=', $this->pk())
            ->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['far_key'], 'IN', $far_keys)
            ->execute($this->_db)->get('records_found');

    // Rows found need to match the rows searched
    return (int) $count;
}

public create( [ Validation $validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• Validation $validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function create(Validation $validation = null)
{
    if ($this->_loaded)
        throw new Kohana_Exception('Cannot create :model model because it is already loaded.', [':model' => $this->_object_name]);

    // Require model validation before saving
    if (!$this->_valid OR $validation) {
        $this->check($validation);
    }

    $data = [];
    foreach ($this->_changed as $column) {
        // Generate list of column => values
        $data[$column] = $this->_object[$column];
    }

    if (is_array($this->_created_column)) {
        // Fill the created column
        $column = $this->_created_column['column'];
        $format = $this->_created_column['format'];

        $data[$column] = $this->_object[$column] = ($format === true) ? time() : date($format);
    }

    $result = DB::insert($this->_table_name)
        ->columns(array_keys($data))
        ->values(array_values($data))
        ->execute($this->_db);

    if (!array_key_exists($this->_primary_key, $data)) {
        // Load the insert id as the primary key if it was left out
        $this->_object[$this->_primary_key] = $this->_primary_key_value = $result[0];
    } else {
        $this->_primary_key_value = $this->_object[$this->_primary_key];
    }

    // Object is now loaded and saved
    $this->_loaded = $this->_saved = true;

    // All changes have been saved
    $this->_changed = [];
    $this->_original_values = $this->_object;

    return $this;
}

public created_column( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function created_column()
{
    return $this->_created_column;
}

public delete( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -
• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function delete()
{
    if (!$this->_loaded)
        throw new Kohana_Exception('Cannot delete :model model because it is not loaded.', [':model' => $this->_object_name]);

    // Use primary key value
    $id = $this->pk();

    // Delete the object
    DB::delete($this->_table_name)
        ->where($this->_primary_key, '=', $id)
        ->execute($this->_db);

    return $this->clear();
}

public distinct( boolean $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• boolean $value required - Enable or disable distinct columns

Return Values

• $this

public function distinct($value)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'distinct',
        'args' => [$value],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public errors_filename( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function errors_filename()
{
    return $this->_errors_filename;
}

public static factory( string $model [, mixed $id = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $model required - Model name
• mixed $id = NULL - Parameter for find()

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public static function factory($model, $id = null)
{
    // Set class name
    $model = 'Model_' . $model;

    return new $model($id);
}

public filters( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function filters()
{
    return [];
}

public find( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -
• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function find()
{
    if ($this->_loaded)
        throw new Kohana_Exception('Method find() cannot be called on loaded objects');

    if (!empty($this->_load_with)) {
        foreach ($this->_load_with as $alias) {
            // Bind auto relationships
            $this->with($alias);
        }
    }

    $this->_build(Database::SELECT);

    return $this->_load_result(false);
}

public find_all( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• Database_Result

public function find_all()
{
    if ($this->_loaded)
        throw new Kohana_Exception('Method find_all() cannot be called on loaded objects');

    if (!empty($this->_load_with)) {
        foreach ($this->_load_with as $alias) {
            // Bind auto relationships
            $this->with($alias);
        }
    }

    $this->_build(Database::SELECT);

    return $this->_load_result(true);
}

public from( mixed $tables ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $tables required - Table name or [$table, $alias] or object

Return Values

• $this

public function from($tables)
{
    $tables = func_get_args();

    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'from',
        'args' => $tables,
    ];

    return $this;
}

public get( string $column ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• mixed

public function get($column)
{
    if (array_key_exists($column, $this->_object)) {
        return (in_array($column, $this->_serialize_columns)) ? $this->_unserialize_value($this->_object[$column]) : $this->_object[$column];
    } elseif (isset($this->_related[$column])) {
        // Return related model that has already been fetched
        return $this->_related[$column];
    } elseif (isset($this->_belongs_to[$column])) {
        $model = $this->_related($column);

        // Use this model's column and foreign model's primary key
        $col = $model->_object_name . '.' . $model->_primary_key;
        $val = $this->_object[$this->_belongs_to[$column]['foreign_key']];

        // Make sure we don't run WHERE "AUTO_INCREMENT column" = NULL queries. This would
        // return the last inserted record instead of an empty result.
        // See: http://mysql.localhost.net.ar/doc/refman/5.1/en/server-session-variables.html#sysvar_sql_auto_is_null
        if ($val !== null) {
            $model->where($col, '=', $val)->find();
        }

        return $this->_related[$column] = $model;
    } elseif (isset($this->_has_one[$column])) {
        $model = $this->_related($column);

        // Use this model's primary key value and foreign model's column
        $col = $model->_object_name . '.' . $this->_has_one[$column]['foreign_key'];
        $val = $this->pk();

        $model->where($col, '=', $val)->find();

        return $this->_related[$column] = $model;
    } elseif (isset($this->_has_many[$column])) {
        $model = ORM::factory($this->_has_many[$column]['model']);

        if (isset($this->_has_many[$column]['through'])) {
            // Grab has_many "through" relationship table
            $through = $this->_has_many[$column]['through'];

            // Join on through model's target foreign key (far_key) and target model's primary key
            $join_col1 = $through . '.' . $this->_has_many[$column]['far_key'];
            $join_col2 = $model->_object_name . '.' . $model->_primary_key;

            $model->join($through)->on($join_col1, '=', $join_col2);

            // Through table's source foreign key (foreign_key) should be this model's primary key
            $col = $through . '.' . $this->_has_many[$column]['foreign_key'];
            $val = $this->pk();
        } else {
            // Simple has_many relationship, search where target model's foreign key is this model's primary key
            $col = $model->_object_name . '.' . $this->_has_many[$column]['foreign_key'];
            $val = $this->pk();
        }

        return $model->where($col, '=', $val);
    } else {
        throw new Kohana_Exception('The :property property does not exist in the :class class', [':property' => $column, ':class' => get_class($this)]);
    }
}

public group_by( mixed $columns ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $columns required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object

Return Values

• $this

public function group_by($columns)
{
    $columns = func_get_args();

    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'group_by',
        'args' => $columns,
    ];

    return $this;
}

public has( string $alias [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Check if $model has the login role
$model->has('roles', ORM::factory('role', ['name' => 'login']));
// Check for the login role if you know the roles.id is 5
$model->has('roles', 5);
// Check for all of the following roles
$model->has('roles', [1, 2, 3, 4]);
// Check if $model has any roles
$model->has('roles')

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• boolean

public function has($alias, $far_keys = null)
{
    $count = $this->count_relations($alias, $far_keys);
    if ($far_keys === null) {
        return (bool) $count;
    } else {
        return $count === count($far_keys);
    }
}

public has_any( string $alias [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Check if $model has the login role
$model->has('roles', ORM::factory('role', ['name' => 'login']));
// Check for the login role if you know the roles.id is 5
$model->has('roles', 5);
// Check for any of the following roles
$model->has('roles', [1, 2, 3, 4]);
// Check if $model has any roles
$model->has('roles')

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• boolean

public function has_any($alias, $far_keys = null)
{
    return (bool) $this->count_relations($alias, $far_keys);
}

public has_many( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function has_many()
{
    return $this->_has_many;
}

public has_one( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function has_one()
{
    return $this->_has_one;
}

public having( mixed $column , string $op [, mixed $value = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value = NULL - Column value

Return Values

• $this

public function having($column, $op, $value = null)
{
    return $this->and_having($column, $op, $value);
}

public having_close( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function having_close()
{
    return $this->and_having_close();
}

public having_open( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function having_open()
{
    return $this->and_having_open();
}

public join( mixed $table [, string $type = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $table required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $type = NULL - Join type (LEFT, RIGHT, INNER, etc)

Return Values

• $this

public function join($table, $type = null)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'join',
        'args' => [$table, $type],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public labels( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function labels()
{
    return [];
}

public last_query( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function last_query()
{
    return $this->_db->last_query;
}

public limit( integer $number ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $number required - Maximum results to return

Return Values

• $this

public function limit($number)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'limit',
        'args' => [$number],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public list_columns( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function list_columns()
{
    // Proxy to database
    return $this->_db->list_columns($this->_table_name);
}

public load_with( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function load_with()
{
    return $this->_load_with;
}

public loaded( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function loaded()
{
    return $this->_loaded;
}

public object( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function object()
{
    return $this->_object;
}

public object_name( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function object_name()
{
    return $this->_object_name;
}

public object_plural( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function object_plural()
{
    return $this->_object_plural;
}

public offset( integer $number ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $number required - Starting result number

Return Values

• $this

public function offset($number)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'offset',
        'args' => [$number],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public on( mixed $c1 , string $op , mixed $c2 ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $c1 required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $c2 required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object

Return Values

• $this

public function on($c1, $op, $c2)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'on',
        'args' => [$c1, $op, $c2],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public or_having( mixed $column , string $op [, mixed $value = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value = NULL - Column value

Return Values

• $this

public function or_having($column, $op, $value = null)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'or_having',
        'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public or_having_close( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function or_having_close()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'or_having_close',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public or_having_open( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function or_having_open()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'or_having_open',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public or_where( mixed $column , string $op , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• $this

public function or_where($column, $op, $value)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'or_where',
        'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public or_where_close( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function or_where_close()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'or_where_close',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public or_where_open( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function or_where_open()
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'or_where_open',
        'args' => [],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public order_by( mixed $column [, string $direction = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $direction = NULL - Direction of sorting

Return Values

• $this

public function order_by($column, $direction = null)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'order_by',
        'args' => [$column, $direction],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public original_values( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function original_values()
{
    return $this->_original_values;
}

public param( string $param , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $param required - Parameter key to replace
• mixed $value required - Value to use

Return Values

• $this

public function param($param, $value)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'param',
        'args' => [$param, $value],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public pk( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• mixed - Primary key

public function pk()
{
    return $this->_primary_key_value;
}

public primary_key( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function primary_key()
{
    return $this->_primary_key;
}

public reload( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function reload()
{
    $primary_key = $this->pk();

    // Replace the object and reset the object status
    $this->_object = $this->_changed = $this->_related = $this->_original_values = [];

    // Only reload the object if we have one to reload
    if ($this->_loaded)
        return $this->clear()
                ->where($this->_object_name . '.' . $this->_primary_key, '=', $primary_key)
                ->find();
    else
        return $this->clear();
}

public reload_columns( [ boolean $force = bool FALSE ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• boolean $force = bool FALSE - Force reloading

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function reload_columns($force = false)
{
    if ($force === true OR empty($this->_table_columns)) {
        if (isset(ORM::$_column_cache[$this->_object_name])) {
            // Use cached column information
            $this->_table_columns = ORM::$_column_cache[$this->_object_name];
        } else {
            // Grab column information from database
            $this->_table_columns = $this->list_columns();

            // Load column cache
            ORM::$_column_cache[$this->_object_name] = $this->_table_columns;
        }
    }

    return $this;
}

public remove( string $alias [, mixed $far_keys = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

// Remove a role using a model instance
$model->remove('roles', ORM::factory('role', ['name' => 'login']));
// Remove the role knowing the primary key
$model->remove('roles', 5);
// Remove multiple roles (for example, from checkboxes on a form)
$model->remove('roles', [1, 2, 3, 4]);
// Remove all related roles
$model->remove('roles');

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias of the has_many "through" relationship
• mixed $far_keys = NULL - Related model, primary key, or an array of primary keys

Return Values

• ORM

public function remove($alias, $far_keys = null)
{
    $far_keys = ($far_keys instanceof ORM) ? $far_keys->pk() : $far_keys;

    $query = DB::delete($this->_has_many[$alias]['through'])
        ->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['foreign_key'], '=', $this->pk());

    if ($far_keys !== null) {
        // Remove all the relationships in the array
        $query->where($this->_has_many[$alias]['far_key'], 'IN', (array) $far_keys);
    }

    $query->execute($this->_db);

    return $this;
}

public reset( [ bool $next = bool TRUE ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• bool $next = bool TRUE - Pass false to avoid resetting on the next call

Return Values

• ORM

public function reset($next = true)
{
    if ($next AND $this->_db_reset) {
        $this->_db_pending = [];
        $this->_db_applied = [];
        $this->_db_builder = null;
        $this->_with_applied = [];
    }

    // Reset on the next call?
    $this->_db_reset = $next;

    return $this;
}

public rules( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array

public function rules()
{
    return [];
}

public save( [ Validation $validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• Validation $validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

public function save(Validation $validation = null)
{
    return $this->loaded() ? $this->update($validation) : $this->create($validation);
}

public saved( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function saved()
{
    return $this->_saved;
}

public select( [ mixed $columns = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $columns = NULL - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object

Return Values

• $this

public function select($columns = null)
{
    $columns = func_get_args();

    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'select',
        'args' => $columns,
    ];

    return $this;
}

public serialize( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• string

public function serialize()
{
    // Store only information about the object
    foreach (['_primary_key_value', '_object', '_changed', '_loaded', '_saved', '_sorting', '_original_values'] as $var) {
        $data[$var] = $this->{$var};
    }

    return serialize($data);
}

public set( string $column , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $column required - Column name
• mixed $value required - Column value

Tags

• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function set($column, $value)
{
    if (!isset($this->_object_name)) {
        // Object not yet constructed, so we're loading data from a database call cast
        $this->_cast_data[$column] = $value;

        return $this;
    }

    if (in_array($column, $this->_serialize_columns)) {
        $value = $this->_serialize_value($value);
    }

    if (array_key_exists($column, $this->_object)) {
        // Filter the data
        $value = $this->run_filter($column, $value);

        // See if the data really changed
        if ($value !== $this->_object[$column]) {
            $this->_object[$column] = $value;

            // Data has changed
            $this->_changed[$column] = $column;

            // Object is no longer saved or valid
            $this->_saved = $this->_valid = false;
        }
    } elseif (isset($this->_belongs_to[$column])) {
        // Update related object itself
        $this->_related[$column] = $value;

        // Update the foreign key of this model
        $this->_object[$this->_belongs_to[$column]['foreign_key']] = ($value instanceof ORM) ? $value->pk() : null;

        $this->_changed[$column] = $this->_belongs_to[$column]['foreign_key'];
    } else {
        throw new Kohana_Exception('The :property: property does not exist in the :class: class', [':property:' => $column, ':class:' => get_class($this)]);
    }

    return $this;
}

public table_columns( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function table_columns()
{
    return $this->_table_columns;
}

public table_name( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function table_name()
{
    return $this->_table_name;
}

public unique( string $field , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $field required - The field to check for uniqueness
• mixed $value required - The value to check for uniqueness

Return Values

• bool - Whteher the value is unique

public function unique($field, $value)
{
    $model = ORM::factory($this->object_name())
        ->where($field, '=', $value)
        ->find();

    if ($this->loaded()) {
        return (!($model->loaded() AND $model->pk() != $this->pk()));
    }

    return (!$model->loaded());
}

public unserialize( string $data ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $data required - String for unserialization

Return Values

• void

public function unserialize($data)
{
    // Initialize model
    $this->_initialize();

    foreach (unserialize($data) as $name => $var) {
        $this->{$name} = $var;
    }

    if ($this->_reload_on_wakeup === true) {
        // Reload the object
        $this->reload();
    }
}

public update( [ Validation $validation = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• Validation $validation = NULL - Validation object

Tags

• Chainable -
• Throws - Kohana_Exception

Return Values

• ORM

public function update(Validation $validation = null)
{
    if (!$this->_loaded)
        throw new Kohana_Exception('Cannot update :model model because it is not loaded.', [':model' => $this->_object_name]);

    // Run validation if the model isn't valid or we have additional validation rules.
    if (!$this->_valid OR $validation) {
        $this->check($validation);
    }

    if (empty($this->_changed)) {
        // Nothing to update
        return $this;
    }

    $data = [];
    foreach ($this->_changed as $column) {
        // Compile changed data
        $data[$column] = $this->_object[$column];
    }

    if (is_array($this->_updated_column)) {
        // Fill the updated column
        $column = $this->_updated_column['column'];
        $format = $this->_updated_column['format'];

        $data[$column] = $this->_object[$column] = ($format === true) ? time() : date($format);
    }

    // Use primary key value
    $id = $this->pk();

    // Update a single record
    DB::update($this->_table_name)
        ->set($data)
        ->where($this->_primary_key, '=', $id)
        ->execute($this->_db);

    if (isset($data[$this->_primary_key])) {
        // Primary key was changed, reflect it
        $this->_primary_key_value = $data[$this->_primary_key];
    }

    // Object has been saved
    $this->_saved = true;

    // All changes have been saved
    $this->_changed = [];
    $this->_original_values = $this->_object;

    return $this;
}

public updated_column( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function updated_column()
{
    return $this->_updated_column;
}

public using( string $columns ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $columns required - Column name

Return Values

• $this

public function using($columns)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'using',
        'args' => [$columns],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public validation( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

public function validation()
{
    if (!isset($this->_validation)) {
        // Initialize the validation object
        $this->_validation();
    }

    return $this->_validation;
}

public values( array $values [, array $expected = NULL ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• array $values required - Array of column => val
• array $expected = NULL - Array of keys to take from $values

Return Values

• ORM

public function values(array $values, array $expected = null)
{
    // Default to expecting everything except the primary key
    if ($expected === null) {
        $expected = array_keys($this->_table_columns);

        // Don't set the primary key by default
        unset($values[$this->_primary_key]);
    }

    foreach ($expected as $key => $column) {
        if (is_string($key)) {
            // isset() fails when the value is null (we want it to pass)
            if (!array_key_exists($key, $values))
                continue;

            // Try to set values to a related model
            $this->{$key}->values($values[$key], $column);
        }
        else {
            // isset() fails when the value is null (we want it to pass)
            if (!array_key_exists($column, $values))
                continue;

            // Update the column, respects __set()
            $this->$column = $values[$column];
        }
    }

    return $this;
}

public where( mixed $column , string $op , mixed $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• mixed $column required - Column name or [$column, $alias] or object
• string $op required - Logic operator
• mixed $value required - Column value

Return Values

• $this

public function where($column, $op, $value)
{
    // Add pending database call which is executed after query type is determined
    $this->_db_pending[] = [
        'name' => 'where',
        'args' => [$column, $op, $value],
    ];

    return $this;
}

public where_close( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function where_close()
{
    return $this->and_where_close();
}

public where_open( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• $this

public function where_open()
{
    return $this->and_where_open();
}

public with( string $target_path ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $target_path required - Target model to bind to

Return Values

• ORM

public function with($target_path)
{
    if (isset($this->_with_applied[$target_path])) {
        // Don't join anything already joined
        return $this;
    }

    // Split object parts
    $aliases = explode(':', $target_path);
    $target = $this;
    foreach ($aliases as $alias) {
        // Go down the line of objects to find the given target
        $parent = $target;
        $target = $parent->_related($alias);

        if (!$target) {
            // Can't find related object
            return $this;
        }
    }

    // Target alias is at the end
    $target_alias = $alias;

    // Pop-off top alias to get the parent path (user:photo:tag becomes user:photo - the parent table prefix)
    array_pop($aliases);
    $parent_path = implode(':', $aliases);

    if (empty($parent_path)) {
        // Use this table name itself for the parent path
        $parent_path = $this->_object_name;
    } else {
        if (!isset($this->_with_applied[$parent_path])) {
            // If the parent path hasn't been joined yet, do it first (otherwise LEFT JOINs fail)
            $this->with($parent_path);
        }
    }

    // Add to with_applied to prevent duplicate joins
    $this->_with_applied[$target_path] = true;

    // Use the keys of the empty object to determine the columns
    foreach (array_keys($target->_object) as $column) {
        $name = $target_path . '.' . $column;
        $alias = $target_path . ':' . $column;

        // Add the prefix so that load_result can determine the relationship
        $this->select([$name, $alias]);
    }

    if (isset($parent->_belongs_to[$target_alias])) {
        // Parent belongs_to target, use target's primary key and parent's foreign key
        $join_col1 = $target_path . '.' . $target->_primary_key;
        $join_col2 = $parent_path . '.' . $parent->_belongs_to[$target_alias]['foreign_key'];
    } else {
        // Parent has_one target, use parent's primary key as target's foreign key
        $join_col1 = $parent_path . '.' . $parent->_primary_key;
        $join_col2 = $target_path . '.' . $parent->_has_one[$target_alias]['foreign_key'];
    }

    // Join the related object into the result
    $this->join([$target->_table_name, $target_path], 'LEFT')->on($join_col1, '=', $join_col2);

    return $this;
}

protected _build( integer $type ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• integer $type required - Type of Database query

Return Values

• ORM

protected function _build($type)
{
    // Construct new builder object based on query type
    switch ($type) {
        case Database::SELECT:
            $this->_db_builder = DB::select();
            break;
        case Database::UPDATE:
            $this->_db_builder = DB::update([$this->_table_name, $this->_object_name]);
            break;
        case Database::DELETE:
            // Cannot use an alias for DELETE queries
            $this->_db_builder = DB::delete($this->_table_name);
    }

    // Process pending database method calls
    foreach ($this->_db_pending as $method) {
        $name = $method['name'];
        $args = $method['args'];

        $this->_db_applied[$name] = $name;

        call_user_func_array([$this->_db_builder, $name], $args);
    }

    return $this;
}

protected _build_select( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• array - Columns to select

protected function _build_select()
{
    $columns = [];

    foreach ($this->_table_columns as $column => $_) {
        $columns[] = [$this->_object_name . '.' . $column, $column];
    }

    return $columns;
}

protected _initialize( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• void

protected function _initialize()
{
    // Set the object name if none predefined
    if (empty($this->_object_name)) {
        $this->_object_name = strtolower(substr(get_class($this), 6));
    }

    // Check if this model has already been initialized
    if (!$init = Arr::get(ORM::$_init_cache, $this->_object_name, false)) {
        $init = [
            '_belongs_to' => [],
            '_has_one' => [],
            '_has_many' => [],
        ];

        // Set the object plural name if none predefined
        if (!isset($this->_object_plural)) {
            $init['_object_plural'] = Inflector::plural($this->_object_name);
        }

        if (!$this->_errors_filename) {
            $init['_errors_filename'] = $this->_object_name;
        }

        if (!is_object($this->_db)) {
            // Get database instance
            $init['_db'] = Database::instance($this->_db_group);
        }

        if (empty($this->_table_name)) {
            // Table name is the same as the object name
            $init['_table_name'] = $this->_object_name;

            if ($this->_table_names_plural === true) {
                // Make the table name plural
                $init['_table_name'] = Arr::get($init, '_object_plural', $this->_object_plural);
            }
        }

        $defaults = [];

        foreach ($this->_belongs_to as $alias => $details) {
            if (!isset($details['model'])) {
                $defaults['model'] = str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $alias)));
            }

            $defaults['foreign_key'] = $alias . $this->_foreign_key_suffix;

            $init['_belongs_to'][$alias] = array_merge($defaults, $details);
        }

        foreach ($this->_has_one as $alias => $details) {
            if (!isset($details['model'])) {
                $defaults['model'] = str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $alias)));
            }

            $defaults['foreign_key'] = $this->_object_name . $this->_foreign_key_suffix;

            $init['_has_one'][$alias] = array_merge($defaults, $details);
        }

        foreach ($this->_has_many as $alias => $details) {
            if (!isset($details['model'])) {
                $defaults['model'] = str_replace(' ', '_', ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', Inflector::singular($alias))));
            }

            $defaults['foreign_key'] = $this->_object_name . $this->_foreign_key_suffix;
            $defaults['through'] = null;

            if (!isset($details['far_key'])) {
                $defaults['far_key'] = Inflector::singular($alias) . $this->_foreign_key_suffix;
            }

            $init['_has_many'][$alias] = array_merge($defaults, $details);
        }

        ORM::$_init_cache[$this->_object_name] = $init;
    }

    // Assign initialized properties to the current object
    foreach ($init as $property => $value) {
        $this->{$property} = $value;
    }

    // Load column information
    $this->reload_columns();

    // Clear initial model state
    $this->clear();
}

protected _load_result( [ bool $multiple = bool FALSE ] ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• bool $multiple = bool FALSE - Return an iterator or load a single row

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM|Database_Result

protected function _load_result($multiple = false)
{
    $this->_db_builder->from([$this->_table_name, $this->_object_name]);

    if ($multiple === false) {
        // Only fetch 1 record
        $this->_db_builder->limit(1);
    }

    // Select all columns by default
    $this->_db_builder->select_array($this->_build_select());

    if (!isset($this->_db_applied['order_by']) AND ! empty($this->_sorting)) {
        foreach ($this->_sorting as $column => $direction) {
            if (strpos($column, '.') === false) {
                // Sorting column for use in JOINs
                $column = $this->_object_name . '.' . $column;
            }

            $this->_db_builder->order_by($column, $direction);
        }
    }

    if ($multiple === true) {
        // Return database iterator casting to this object type
        $result = $this->_db_builder->as_object(get_class($this))->execute($this->_db);

        $this->reset();

        return $result;
    } else {
        // Load the result as an associative array
        $result = $this->_db_builder->as_assoc()->execute($this->_db);

        $this->reset();

        if ($result->count() === 1) {
            // Load object values
            $this->_load_values($result->current());
        } else {
            // Clear the object, nothing was found
            $this->clear();
        }

        return $this;
    }
}

protected _load_values( array $values ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• array $values required - Values to load

Tags

• Chainable -

Return Values

• ORM

protected function _load_values(array $values)
{
    if (array_key_exists($this->_primary_key, $values)) {
        if ($values[$this->_primary_key] !== null) {
            // Flag as loaded and valid
            $this->_loaded = $this->_valid = true;

            // Store primary key
            $this->_primary_key_value = $values[$this->_primary_key];
        } else {
            // Not loaded or valid
            $this->_loaded = $this->_valid = false;
        }
    }

    // Related objects
    $related = [];

    foreach ($values as $column => $value) {
        if (strpos($column, ':') === false) {
            // Load the value to this model
            $this->_object[$column] = $value;
        } else {
            // Column belongs to a related model
            list ($prefix, $column) = explode(':', $column, 2);

            $related[$prefix][$column] = $value;
        }
    }

    if (!empty($related)) {
        foreach ($related as $object => $values) {
            // Load the related objects with the values in the result
            $this->_related($object)->_load_values($values);
        }
    }

    if ($this->_loaded) {
        // Store the object in its original state
        $this->_original_values = $this->_object;
    }

    return $this;
}

protected _related( string $alias ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $alias required - Alias name

Return Values

• ORM

protected function _related($alias)
{
    if (isset($this->_related[$alias])) {
        return $this->_related[$alias];
    } elseif (isset($this->_has_one[$alias])) {
        return $this->_related[$alias] = ORM::factory($this->_has_one[$alias]['model']);
    } elseif (isset($this->_belongs_to[$alias])) {
        return $this->_related[$alias] = ORM::factory($this->_belongs_to[$alias]['model']);
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

protected _serialize_value( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

protected function _serialize_value($value)
{
    return json_encode($value);
}

protected _unserialize_value( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

protected function _unserialize_value($value)
{
    return json_decode($value, true);
}

protected _validation( ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Return Values

• void

protected function _validation()
{
    // Build the validation object with its rules
    $this->_validation = Validation::factory($this->_object)
        ->bind(':model', $this)
        ->bind(':original_values', $this->_original_values)
        ->bind(':changed', $this->_changed);

    foreach ($this->rules() as $field => $rules) {
        $this->_validation->rules($field, $rules);
    }

    // Use column names by default for labels
    $columns = array_keys($this->_table_columns);

    // Merge user-defined labels
    $labels = array_merge(array_combine($columns, $columns), $this->labels());

    foreach ($labels as $field => $label) {
        $this->_validation->label($field, $label);
    }
}

protected run_filter( string $field , string $value ) (defined in Kohana_ORM)

Parameters

• string $field required - The column name
• string $value required - The value to filter

Return Values

• string

protected function run_filter($field, $value)
{
    $filters = $this->filters();

    // Get the filters for this column
    $wildcards = empty($filters[true]) ? [] : $filters[true];

    // Merge in the wildcards
    $filters = empty($filters[$field]) ? $wildcards : array_merge($wildcards, $filters[$field]);

    // Bind the field name and model so they can be used in the filter method
    $_bound = [
        ':field' => $field,
        ':model' => $this,
    ];

    foreach ($filters as $array) {
        // Value needs to be bound inside the loop so we are always using the
        // version that was modified by the filters that already ran
        $_bound[':value'] = $value;

        // Filters are defined as [$filter, $params]
        $filter = $array[0];
        $params = Arr::get($array, 1, [':value']);

        foreach ($params as $key => $param) {
            if (is_string($param) AND array_key_exists($param, $_bound)) {
                // Replace with bound value
                $params[$key] = $_bound[$param];
            }
        }

        if (is_array($filter) OR ! is_string($filter)) {
            // This is either a callback as an array or a lambda
            $value = call_user_func_array($filter, $params);
        } elseif (strpos($filter, '::') === false) {
            // Use a function call
            $function = new ReflectionFunction($filter);

            // Call $function($this[$field], $param, ...) with Reflection
            $value = $function->invokeArgs($params);
        } else {
            // Split the class and method of the rule
            list($class, $method) = explode('::', $filter, 2);

            // Use a static method call
            $method = new ReflectionMethod($class, $method);

            // Call $Class::$method($this[$field], $param, ...) with Reflection
            $value = $method->invokeArgs(null, $params);
        }
    }

    return $value;
}